VIOLENCIA SEXUAL Y EMBARAZO INFANTIL EN MÉXICO

Por: Sandra Gabriela Arias Fernández*.

 

La violencia sexual y el embarazo infantil en México debe considerarse uno de los problemas más graves de salud pública, derechos humanos y los derechos de las niñas. “El embarazo en adolescentes es un fenómeno que ha cobrado importancia en los últimos años debido a que México ocupa el primer lugar en el tema, entre los países de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) con una tasa de fecundidad de 77 nacimientos por cada mil adolescentes de 15 a 19 años de edad”.

 

El embarazo en niñas ya adolescentes es un problema de origen multifactorial que impacta directamente a la dignidad, al ejercicio de los derechos de las niñas, su bienestar físico, psicológico y social.

 

Una investigación de Ipas México, en la cual se buscó determinar las condiciones en las que se da el embarazo infantil y adolescente, mediante análisis de bases de datos, encuestas, diagnósticos y estadísticas nacionales, se concluyó que la violencia de género y la violencia sexual son dos grandes factores, primordiales que causan los altos número de embarazos en niñas de edad entre 10 y 14 años.

 

Ipas México informó que, en México, el 46% de las niñas entre 10 y 14 años que estuvieron embarazadas y tuvieron a su hijo, reportaron que el hombre que las embarazó tenía entre 18 y 68 años de edad, el 30% no especificó la edad de la pareja sexual, el 19% reportó que la pareja sexual tenía entre 15 y 17 años y sólo el 5% reportó que su pareja sexual era menor de 15 años. 

 

La violencia que sufren las niñas con embarazos infantiles empieza indudablemente con la relación sexual, pero ésta sigue ocurriendo una vez que existe un embarazo y la continuación de éste, pues un embarazo antes de los 19 años, representa un alto riesgo de muerte materna y equivale un 20% del total de defunciones maternas en el país, según datos del Centro Nacional de Equidad de Género y Salud Reproductiva.

 

Por lo anterior, es evidente que no se trata de adolescentes teniendo relaciones sexuales con otros adolescentes, sino de niñas que están siendo abusadas sexualmente, siendo obligadas, coercionadas o manipuladas por adultos, mediante el uso de la fuerza física o moral dentro de un contexto de normalización de la violencia de género y la violencia sexual que tiene una muy baja efectividad en materia de procuración de justicia.

 

*1. Abogada egresada de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, con posgrado en Dereachos Humanos, egresada de la especialidad en Género y Derecho, con experiencia en litigio civil, administrativo, mercantil y amparo, atención de primer contacto a víctimas de violencia de género. Trabajó en el Consejo Nacional para Prevenir la Discriminación y actualmente labora en la Comisión Nacional de Búsqueda de Personas.

Datos de contacto: saie.laf@hotmail.com

 

2. 22 de diciembre del 2021, Estrategia Nacional para la prevención del embarazo, Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres, https://www.gob.mx/inmujeres/acciones-y-programas/estrategia-nacional-para-la-prevencion-del-embarazo-en-adolescentes-33454, revisado el 20 de mayo del 2022.

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